Tuesday, 3 December 2019

Introduction to *args and **kwargs in Python

1.     Variable length arguments
we define a function to make a reusable code that performs specific operation. To execute that operation, we call a function with the specific value, this value is called a function argument in Python.
def add(a,b):
    c=a+b
    print(c)
#function call
add(2,3)# valid
add(2)#invalid
add(2,4,5)#invalid

Introduction to *args and **kwargs in Python

In Python, we can pass a variable number of arguments to a function using special symbols. There are two special symbols:
We use *args and **kwargs as an argument when we are unsure about the number of arguments to pass in the functions.
1.     *args (Non Keyword Arguments)
2.     **kwargs (Keyword Arguments)
def add(*args):
    sum=0
    for i in args:
        sum=sum+i
    print(sum)
#function call
add(2,3)# valid
add(2)#valid
add(2,4,5)#valid
# *args for variable number of arguments
def f1(*argv):
            for i in argv:
                        print (i)
f1('Hello', 'Ram')
"""
output:
Hello
Ram
1.     Can we give def f1(*n): ?
Ans: we will get error
>>> """
#Variable length arguments
def add(*n):
    sum=0
    for i in n:
        sum=sum+i
    print("total=",sum)
add()
add(10)
add(10,6)
add(2,3,4)
"""
output:
total= 0
total= 10
total= 16
total= 9
>>>
"""
Sometimes we can pass variable number of arguments to our function, such type of arguments are called variable length arguments. We can declare a variable length argument with * symbol
We can call this function by passing any number of arguments including zero number. Internally all these values represented in the form of tuple.

A tuple is a collection of elements/items of different data types is called tuple.
A tuple is similar to list. Elements are separated by comma operator and enclosed within parentheses ().

Difference between list and tuple is: List elements can be modified as it is mutable. Whereas tuple elements can not be modified as it is immutable. So tuple is treated as a read-only list.

Example:
t=(10,-20,10,2.4,”raj”,”$”,True)

Ex2: We can mix variable length arguments with positional arguments
#Variable length arguments
def add(a,*n):
    print(a)
    sum=0
    for i in n:
        sum=sum+i
    print("total=",sum)
#add()Error
add(10)
add(10,6)
add(2,3,4)
"""
output:
10
total= 0
10
total= 6
2
total= 7
>>>
"""
Note: After variable length argument, if we are taking any other arguments then we should provide values as keyword argument.
#Example program on variable length arguments
def f1(*n,a):
    for i in n:
        print(i)
    print("a=",a)
f1('sita','ram',5)
"""output:
Note1: f1('sita','ram',a=5)
sita
ram
a= 5

(2)f1('sita','ram',5) #Error bcoz after variable length argument, if we are taking any
other arguments then we should provide values as keyword arguments
>>>
"""

def f1(a, b, c):
            print("a:", a)
            print("b:", b)
            print("c:", c)
           
# Now we can use *args or **kwargs to
# pass arguments to this function :
args = ("Hyd", "Vij", "Kadapa")
f1(*args)

#kwargs = {"a" : "Hyd", "b" : "Vij", "c" : "Kadapa"}
#f1(**kwargs)
"""output:
a: Hyd
b: Vij
c: Kadapa
>>> """


Related Videohttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2mD2CO8TKlJdFbbtuhTXPQk2tNQx0pb1

Previous: Formal and actual parameters
Next: kwargs(keyword arguments)

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